RFID

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) reads and writes data on tags wirelessly using radio waves. Tags containing an IC chip and antenna are attached to objects, and readers communicate via radio signals. Transit cards, anti-theft tags, and marathon timing chips all use RFID.

QR codes and RFID both attach information to objects, but their characteristics differ significantly. QR codes are optical and require line of sight. RFID uses radio waves and reads through boxes, clothing, and other obstructions. RFID readers can scan hundreds of tags simultaneously - warehouse inventory counts proceed without opening cartons. QR codes require one-by-one scanning.

Cost favors QR codes decisively. QR codes cost virtually nothing to print. RFID tags cost several cents each due to embedded IC chips, and dedicated readers are required. QR codes need only a smartphone camera.

The practical division is clear: RFID suits high-speed bulk reading in logistics and retail. QR codes excel where consumers access information with their own smartphones. Hybrid designs using RFID upstream in the supply chain and QR codes at consumer touchpoints are increasingly common.